Oskaloosa once had a number of railroads, including a Minneapolis & St. Louis Railway (M&StL) mainline, a M&StL secondary line, a M&StL branch line, two Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad (Rock Island) secondary lines and a Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad (CB&Q) branch line. Today, Union Pacific Railroad operates the remaining portions of the M&StL mainline and branch line, while the remaining tracks have been abandoned.