Name | FOXY Big Bull Falls Bridge (West) Chicago & North Western Railway Bridge #D-39 |
Built By | Chicago & North Western Railway |
Currently Owned By | Fox Valley & Lake Superior Rail System |
Superstructure Contractor | Wisconsin Bridge & Iron Company of North Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
Substructure Contractor | Unknown (Stone Abutments) Gaffin & Gehri of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin (Piers and Abutment Alterations) |
Length | 261 Feet Total, 87 Foot Spans |
Width | 1 Track |
Height Above Ground | 5 Feet (Estimated) |
Superstructure Design | Through Plate Girder |
Substructure Design | Concrete and Stone Masonry |
Date Built | 1921 |
Traffic Count | 1 Train/Day (Estimated) |
Current Status | In Use |
Chicago & North Western Railway Bridge Number | D-39 |
Significance | Local Significance |
Documentation Date | 8/14/2014 |
In 1880, the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railway (MLS&W) constructed a 24 mile branch line from the newly constructed mainline at Eland, Wisconsin to Wausau, Wisconsin. A short spur was extended northwards in Wausau between 1881 and 1883, crossing the Barker-Stewart Island. In 1892, an additional 40 miles would be constructed from Wausau to Marshfield, Wisconsin. This line served as a branch line for the MLS&W, serving industries in the Milwaukee area and connecting to other railroads at Marshfield. The MLS&W had constructed a modest network of railroads through northern and eastern Wisconsin, primarily serving industrial interests. Due to the success of the MLS&W, the railroad was purchased by the Chicago & North Western Railway in 1893 (C&NW). The C&NW had acquired and constructed a vast network of railroad lines throughout the Midwest during the late 19th Century, and the MLS&W system provided more opportunities for expansion.
During the early 20th Century, the C&NW sought to improve operations by constructing new lines and improving existing lines. The C&NW had become one of the premiere Midwest railroads, and sought to stay profitable and competitive. The Manitowoc, Green Bay and North Western Railway (MGB&NW) was incorporated as a subsidiary of the C&NW in 1904, and constructed 61 miles between Duck Creek Junction, Wisconsin and Eland in 1906 and 1907. The MGB&NW was formally merged into the C&NW in 1909. Upon completion of the new line, this line served as a connection between several C&NW lines through eastern and central Wisconsin. Throughout the 20th Century, this line remained a secondary line for the C&NW.
By the late 20th Century, the C&NW sought to consolidate operations and abandon or sell unprofitable lines. In 1981, the line between Wausau and Marshfield was abandoned. In 1994, the segment between Duck Creek and Weston, Wisconsin would be abandoned, and the remainder of the trackage in the Wausau area sold to Wisconsin Central, Ltd. (WC). WC had purchased a large amount of former Soo Line and Milwaukee Road trackage in central and eastern Wisconsin in 1987, primarily to continue serving industries in the area. As part of the 1994 abandonment, the line between Duck Creek and Weston was purchased by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for use as a trail. In 2001, WC was purchased by Canadian National Railway (CN), and became the American subsidiary of the railroad. In 2021, the Wausau area trackage was sold to the Fox Valley & Lake Superior Rail System (FOXY). Today, FOXY operates trackage in Wausau, including a spur through Barker-Stewart Island. The segment between Duck Creek and Weston is now part of the Mountain-Bay State Trail.
Located in downtown Wausau, this through girder bridge is the western bridge carrying the former Chicago & North Western Railway over the Wisconsin River at Big Bull Falls. The first bridge at this location was likely a timber truss bridge, constructed when the line was first built. In the early 1890s, the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railway began upgrading their system, replacing timber bridges with stone and iron structures. In 1891, the original bridge would be replaced by a new iron through truss bridge. The 1891 bridge consisted of a 142-foot, 7-panel, pin-connected Pratt through truss span and a 127-foot span of the same design. Wisconsin Bridge & Iron Company fabricated the spans, which used a light design consisting of built-up vertical members, eyebars for the bottom chord and diagonal members and a thin lattice portal. Initially, it is believed the bridge was set onto timber substructures, and permanent stone substructures were completed in 1895. A similar bridge across the east channel was completed at the same time by the same contractor.
By the 20th Century, the light iron through trusses had become too light for mainline traffic. Contracts were awarded for replacing this bridge in 1920. Initially, the plan was to reuse the two spans nearby at a spur bridge across the east channel. However, this plan fell through for unknown reasons, and the present bridge was completed in mid-1921. It is unknown if the trusses were ultimately reused, or were instead scrapped. Currently, the bridge consists of three 87-foot through plate girder spans, set onto concrete piers and stone and concrete abutments. Wisconsin Bridge & Iron Company fabricated the new spans, while Gaffin & Gehri constructed the new concrete piers and altered the stone abutments. The through girder spans use a standard design, with a traditionally composed floor, heavy girders and rounded and tapered girder ends. Through plate girder spans were commonly used by railroads, as they were durable and easy to construct. Today, the bridge remains in service, carrying a limited number of trains. Overall, the bridge appears to be in fair to good condition, with no significant deterioration noted. The author has ranked this bridge as being locally significant, due to the common design.
Citations
Builder and build date | Drawing Collection at the Chicago & North Western Historical Society Archives |
Builder (substructure) | Wausau Pilot; August 31, 1920 |
Railroad History Citation | ICC Valuation Information, Compiled by Richard S. Steele |