FOXY Fox River Bridge (Phoebe Street)


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Name FOXY Fox River Bridge (Phoebe Street)
Green Bay & Western Railroad Bridge #2.3
Built By Kewaunee, Green Bay & Western Railroad
Chicago & North Western Railway
Currently Owned By Fox Valley & Lake Superior Rail System
Superstructure Contractor Wisconsin Bridge & Iron Company of North Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Substructure Contractor Unknown
Length 620 Feet Total, 230 Foot Main Span
Width 1 Track
Height Above Ground 10 Feet (Estimated)
Superstructure Design Warren Through Truss Swing Span and Timber Pile Trestle
Substructure Design Timber Pile
Date Built 1924
Traffic Count 4 Trains/Day (Estimated)
Current Status In Use
Green Bay & Western Railroad Bridge Number 2.3
Chicago & North Western Railway Bridge Number 1491-B
Significance Moderate Significance
Documentation Date 8/5/2016

In 1890, the Kewaunee, Green Bay & Western Railroad (KGB&W) was incorporated to construct a short extension of the Green Bay, Winona & St. Paul Railroad (GBW&StP) from Green Bay, Wisconsin to Kewaunee, Wisconsin.  The line opened in 1891, and in 1892, car ferries were constructed at Kewaunee.  Two car ferry routes were used by the railroad, including one to connect with the Ann Arbor Railroad (AA) at Frankfort, Michigan and one to connect to the Pere Marquette Railway (PM) at Ludington, Michigan.  The line became a subsidiary of the Green Bay & Western Railroad (GB&W) in 1896.  The GB&W was an independent railroad, operating a connection between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River.  The railroad mainly served local traffic through the early 20th Century, and connected with most major railroads operating in Wisconsin. 

By the mid-20th Century, the railroad was in decline, and new management took it over and revitalized the railroad into a "bridge line".  As part of the revitalization, the car ferries gained importance, as it provided the eastern railroads with a suitable bypass of the congested railroad network in Chicago.  The KGB&W would also be merged into the GB&W during the mid-20th Century.  As traffic declined in the late 20th Century, the railroad began to fall into disrepair.  The car ferries from Kewaunee closed in 1990.  The GB&W was purchased by Wisconsin Central, Ltd. (WC) in 1993.  The segment between Luxemburg, Wisconsin and Kewaunee was abandoned in 1998, and sold to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for trail use.  WC was purchased by the Canadian National Railway (CN) in 2001, and became the American subsidiary of CN.  In 2021, CN sold the remaining segment between Green Bay and Luxemburg to the Fox Valley & Lake Superior Rail System (FOXY).  Today, FOXY continues to operate this segment.  The Ahnapee State Trail uses the former railroad between Luxemburg and Kewaunee.  


Located near the mouth of the Fox River in Green Bay, this large through truss swing bridge carries the former joint Green Bay & Western Railroad (GB&W) and Chicago & North Western Railway (C&NW) line over the Fox River. When the Kewaunee, Green Bay & Western Railroad (KGB&W) completed the line between Green Bay and Kewaunee in 1892, the line was initially cut off from the remainder of the GB&W system due to the lack of a bridge across the Fox River. Constructing a crossing to connect the lines quickly became a priority for the GB&W, and plans were approved for a bridge in early 1895. Due to the expenses required to construct a bridge, the GB&W partnered with the C&NW to construct a jointly-owned bridge at the end of Phoebe Street. As part of the joint agreement, the C&NW agreed to provide a secondhand combination Howe through truss swing span with iron chords, relocated from Milwaukee, Wisconsin

. This bridge had originally been fabricated in the 1870s or early 1880s, and was replaced by a double track bridge in 1890. Instead of scrapping the bridge, the C&NW disassembled the structure and stored it at West Chicago, Illinois until a suitable location could be found for reuse. It is believed that this bridge likely consisted of a lightweight pin-connected Pratt through truss design, and was fabricated by an unknown contractor. The iron span was erected on timber pile piers, and approached by timber pile trestle spans. By the early 1920s, the bridge had become obsolete, and contracts were awarded for a replacement bridge in 1923. In late April 1924, the present structure was completed.

Currently, the bridge consists of a 230-foot, 8-panel, riveted rim-bearing Warren through truss swing span, set onto a concrete center pier and timber pile outer piers. The center span is approached by timber pile trestle spans on either end. Similar to other swing spans from the era, the truss span is heavily constructed, with built-up members and a traditionally composed floor. The top chord and endposts are both constructed with built-up beams, with a solid plate on the exterior and V-lacing on the interior. The bottom chord is also composed of a built-up member, with V-lacing on either side. The diagonal members are constructed of V-laced built-up beams, while the vertical members are constructed of solid rolled beams. Similar to other swing spans from the era, the main span is composed of two halves, joined over the center pier by a center tower. Each half consists of an identical four-panel span. The center tower uses a rectangular shape, which is constructed of V-laced beams and connected to the upper angle connections of each half by heavy built-up beams connected with thin plates. The portal bracing and sway bracing both use an A-frame design, consisting of solid beams. The floor also appears to use a standard design, with two plate girder stringers and plate girder floorbeams at the panel points. The center pier also uses a standard circular design, typical for swing spans.

Wisconsin Bridge & Iron Company fabricated the superstructure, while the center pier was constructed by an unknown contractor. All timber components of the bridge are believed to have been constructed by railroad company forces. Rim-bearing swing spans work by placing the superstructure onto a metal drum, which rotates on a roller nest and is turned by a gear. Somewhat unique to this bridge, the center drum is located at the same elevation as the floor, likely due to the limited clearance beneath the bridge. It appears that an electric motor is used to turn the bridge, which is located in a machinery house at the center of the bridge. Warren trusses became popular during the early 20th Century, as they provided a simple, cost effective and strong design. Since the initial construction, the bridge has seen no significant alterations, and operates regularly. Overall, the bridge appears to be in fair to good condition, with no significant deterioration noted. The author has ranked this bridge as being moderately significant, due to the truss design.


Citations

Build date and builder (superstructure) Railway Age; Volume 75, Issue 2
Railroad History Citation ICC Valuation Information, Compiled by Richard S. Steele

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